Why Are Viruses Spiked?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Emerging viruses: why they are not jacks of all trades?
In order to limit the impact of the recent pandemics ignited by viral host jumps, it is necessary to better understand the ecological and evolutionary factors influencing the early steps of emergence and the interactions between them. Antagonistic pleiotropy, that is, the negative fitness effect in the primary host of mutations allowing the infection of and the multiplication in a new host, has...
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The genomes of most virus species have overlapping genes--two or more proteins coded for by the same nucleotide sequence. Several explanations have been proposed for the evolution of this phenomenon, and we test these by comparing the amount of gene overlap in all known virus species. We conclude that gene overlap is unlikely to have evolved as a way of compressing the genome in response to the...
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LUIS P. VILLARREAL is director of the Center for Virus Research at the University of California, Irvine. He was born in East Los Angeles. He received his doctorate in biology from the University of California, San Diego, and did postdoctoral research in virology at Stanford University with Nobel laureate Paul Berg. He is active in science education and has received a National Science Foundation...
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Research in mathematical cognition has shown that rates, and other interpretations of x/y, are hard to learn and understand. On the other hand, there is extensive evidence that the brain is endowed with a specialized mechanism for representing and manipulating the numerosities of sets – that is, frequencies. Hence, base-rates are neglected precisely because they are rates, whereas frequencies a...
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preoccupied and irritable and had to absent themselves. In addition, some resisted overeating by keeping limited amounts of food at home, and this complicated their child's feeding. The mothers' overconcern with shape and weight seemed also to have had an effect. It militated against breast feeding and was associated with undue concern about the children's shape and weight, which in turn affect...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: mSphere
سال: 2021
ISSN: 2379-5042
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.01339-20